Excerpt

With the profound progress on official languages overall, the limitations with language of work represent the limitations of policy to undo what has been ingrained for over one hundred years.

Table of contents

Preface by Graham Fraser 

Introduction 
Official Languages and the Federal Public Service 
 
CHAPTER 1: Theoretical Foundations 
The Politics of Language 
Representative Bureaucracy 
Historical Institutionalism and Layering 

CHAPTER 2: Check Your Hat and Your Language at the Door (1867-1967)
Introduction 
The Early Civil Service 
Historical Context 
The Strike at Trois-Rivières 
Ernest Lapointe—Prime Minister King’s
Quebec Lieutenant 
L’Ordre Jacques Cartier 
The Jean Committee 
Early Reform Efforts 
The Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, and Prime Minister Pearson’s Promise 
Conclusion 

CHAPTER 3: The Official Languages Act, 1969 (1968–1972)
Introduction 
Adopting the OLA 1969  
Charting a Course for Implementation 
French-Language Units (FLUs) 
Bilingual Districts 
Linguistic Designation of Positions 
Conclusion 
CHAPTER 4: If At First You Don’t Succeed, Layer, Layer, and Then Layer Again (1973–1981) 
Introduction 
The 1973 Parliamentary Resolution on Official
Languages 
Decentralizing Program Management 
The Gens de l’Air Crisis and National Unity 
Reorganizing and Restructuring the Public
Service 
Management-centric Changes to the Official
Languages Program (1981) 
Conclusion 
 
CHAPTER 5: The OLA  and Part V: The Right to Choose
Your Language of Work (1982–2013) 
Introduction 
Maintaining the Status Quo 
Prime Minister Mulroney’s Progressive
Conservatives and the Official Languages Act 
The Official Languages Act, 1988 
Part V: Official Language of Work Rights 
Implementing Part V 
Giving Meaning to Part V 
Conclusion 
Conclusion: Ideas, Institutions, and Actors 
Ideas 
Institutions 
Actors 
Conclusion 

Appendix: Principal Actors 
Department of the Secretary of State 
Treasury Board Secretariat 
Public Service Commission (PSC) 
Office of the Commissioner of Official
Languages 
Staff Unions 

Bibliography 
Index 

Description

Canada’s official languages legislation fundamentally altered the composition and operational considerations of federal institutions. With legislative change, Canada’s public service has achieved the equitable representation of its two official languages groups, provided services to the public in both official languages, and has codified rights for public servants to work in their official language of choice. On paper, the regime is robust. In practice, there is a persistent divergence between policy and practice, as English dominates as the regular language of work in the federal public service.

Through an historical institutionalist lens based on extensive archival research and semi-structured interviews, Gaspard shows that the implementation of official languages policy in the federal public service from 1967–2013 could not challenge the predominance of English as the operating language of the federal public service.

The analysis of the roles of actors, ideas and institutions that influenced the policy implementation process show that a lack of structural change, inadequate managerial engagement, and a false sense that both official languages are equally ingrained in the public service explain the persistence of English as the dominant language of work.

This book is published in English.

La politique sur les langues officielles du Canada a transformé la composition et les considérations opérationnelles des institutions fédérales. Grâce aux modifications législatives, la fonction publique du Canada a réussi à mettre en place une représentation équitable de ses deux groupes de langues officielles, assure la prestation de services au public dans les deux langues officielles, et a procédé à la codification des droits des fonctionnaires de travailler dans la langue officielle de leur choix. En théorie, le régime est robuste. En pratique, il existe un fossé entre politique et pratique, l’anglais s’étant établi comme langue dominante de travail dans la fonction publique fédérale.

En adoptant une approche historique à cette question institutionnelle et au moyen de recherches archivistiques et d’entrevues mi-structurées, Gaspard fait valoir que de 1967 à 2013, la mise en oeuvre du programme de langues officielles à la fonction publique fédérale n’a pu influer sur la trajectoire de l’anglais comme langue prépondérante de travail.

L’analyse des rôles des intervenants et des institutions qui ont façonné le processus met en lumière le fait que l’absence de changements structurels, l’engagement insuffisant des gestionnaires, de même que la perception erronée que les langues officielles sont toutes deux bien ancrées dans la fonction publique se conjuguent pour expliquer la persistance de l’anglais comme principale langue de travail.

Ce livre est publié en anglais.

 

Reviews

Vous allez faire tout un impact avec ce que vous avez trouvé là-dedans. C'est un travail de moine que vous avez fait. À lire absolument!

- Michel Picard

"Compelling and convincing": This book is situated at the confluence of public administration and language policy and manages to offer an important and original contribution to both fields. (. ..) Gaspard develops a compelling analytical narrative around institutionalism, path dependency and layering to explain the shortcomings of the successive language reforms and the role of various actors within the state apparatus. (. ..) This book should be included in reading lists and research on public administration in Canada. It convincingly illustrates the amount of time and effort devoted to language reform within the public service in Canada, which has not received the necessary attention from the field. It also has the potential to foster comparative studies with other countries that aim to have a linguistically representative bureaucracy. Gaspard offers a unique perspective that must not go unnoticed.

- Martin Normand